This is the heart of ancient Mesopotamia. The region suffers scorching, arid summers and is one of the driest viticultural areas. The wines are shaped by the heat and the nutrient-poor, stony soils. Wine culture centers on producing powerful, tannic reds. Its signature Endemic Red is Boğazkere (Throat Burner), famed for its intense structure and dark fruit notes, often blended with Öküzgözü. Production remains mostly on a small, local scale, preserving the grape's raw, uncompromising character.